Complete edentulism is one of the most common problems encountered by geriatric individuals. With advanced aging, despite attempts made to retain natural dentition, loss of entire teeth is yet observed. For precise denture fabrication, a digital sensor device was used during the making procedure. The use of sensor device aided in better appreciation and more retentiveness of denture.

Studying gunshot residue in determining suicide and homicide, weapon type, munitions, distance and angle of shooting is very helpful, because gunshot residue can be dissipated on hands, faces, clothes and nearby objects from holes of a trigger and weapon. When a gunshot is fired, the burned and semi-burned compositions are dissipated in the gas phase in all directions. The parameters used include: bullet, bullet casing, the semi-burned powder, which due to the function of the weapon, are dissipated around from the holster’ s holes in the form of gas and finally, the gunshot sound that can be heard by witnesses. Each of these elements can be helpful for the detection of a crime and criminal. Different instrumental methods can be used to collect gunshot residue and its analysis. Using sensors to investigate cases at a crime scene without the need for very expensive equipment, attracts attention. Recently applied reports concerning the use of sensors to analyze gunshot residue have been printed in various magazines which in this research will be studied. This research is intended to provide the stage to review and discuss gunshot residue and developed sensors to identify them.

Inertial Navigation System (INS) is one of the navigation systems widely used in various land-based, aerial, and marine applications. Among all types of INS, Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)-based INS can be widely utilized, owing to their low cost, lightweight, and small size. However, due to the manufacturing technology, MEMS-based INS suffers from deterministic and stochastic errors, which increase positioning errors over time. In this paper, a new effective noise reduction method is proposed that can provide more accurate outputs of MEMS-based inertial sensors. The intelligent method in this paper is a combined denoising method that combines Wavelet Transform (WT), Permutation Entropy (PE), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Firstly, WT is employed to obtain a time-frequency representation of raw data. Secondly, a four-element feature vector is formed. These four features are (1) amplitude of frequency, (2) its ratio to mean of amplitudes of all frequencies, (3) location of frequency in time-frequency representation, and (4) judgment on behaviors of frequency that is obtained by utilizing PE. Thirdly, based on the feature vector, the GA-SVR algorithm predicts amplitudes of all frequencies in the time-frequency representation of the denoised signal. Finally, by employing inverse WT the denoised signal is obtained. In this work, the outputs of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in ADIS16407 sensor, as a low-cost and MEMS-based INS, have been utilized for data collection. The proposed method has been compared with other noise reduction methods and the achieved results verify superior improvement than other methods.

These days Ionic liquids (ILs) are getting more attention and catching more eyes based on numerous advantages they can offer, including low volatility, excellent thermal and chemical stability, easy handling, remarkable conductivity, and facile design. These astonishing materials are formed via asymmetric cations and anions. They can mainly be found in a liquid state where temperatures are below 100 °C. Therefore, due to their unique features, they can be considered a perfect and desirable candidate in several fields, including electrochemical biosensors and detecting agents, they can play their roles as electrolytes. These unique features prompted us to present a precise and short review of the different fabrication methods of Ionic liquids. Herein, after a laconic description of ILs, a diverse range of fabrication methods was investigated, and a succinct description was given in each approach. Furthermore, where needed, some clear illustrations were used to boost apprehend. Perspectives, remarks, and challenges of different fabrication methods have been given, respectively.

Introduction: The mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) is widely used to assess clinical performance because of its practicality. Although initial studies have supported its reliability and validity, the utility of mini-CEX is under serious debate due to inconsistencies in rater judgments. This study aimed to review the relevant literature on the utility of mini-CEX in order to find out the influencing factors on mini- CEX scores.Methods: In this narrative review study, the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, SID & Magiran were searched to retrieve the relevant articles published from 1995 to 2014, using the key words such as mini-CEX, “utility”, “validity”, “reliability”, “score variability”. Subsequently, nineteen relevant studies out of 51 articles were selected to be reviewed.Results: Factors influencing mini-CEX scores were related to the raters, rating forms and clinical exposures, in order of importance. Variability in raters’ stringency and leniency and high intercorrelation between items were the most influencing factors affecting test scores. The results of the studies regarding factors such as rater trainingon mini-CEX scores were not conclusive.Conclusion: Considering the inconsistencies in mini-CEX exam scores and uncertainty about the influencing circumstances on scoring, it is recommended that mini-CEX scores should not be used for summative assessment purposes, especially in order to rank the performance of the students.

The one-dimensional hollow cylindrical carbon nanotube nanostructure has been crucial in advancing nanotechnology since its discovery. Carbon nanotubes have been utilized in technical fields both in their pristine form and as nanocomposites. They have been combined with various conductive and non-conductive matrices based on specific end goals. In sensing technology, remarkable progress has been made in the development of multifunctional carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Common matrices used in this context include conjugated polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyaniline, etc., along with thermoplastics like polyamide, polyurethane, etc. Within these matrices, carbon nanotubes can establish a percolation network for electron or charge transport and can also create interfacial interactions to enhance compatibility, stability, and durability. The sensing capabilities of the resulting carbon nanotube nanocomposites are influenced by their interactions with the analyte, whether it be gases/ions, biomolecules, or motion. As a result, nanocomposites have been employed in the creation of effective gas sensors, strain sensors, and biosensors. The performance of carbon nanotube sensors has been evaluated based on factors such as sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, reproducibility, and responses to analytes.